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	Bladderwrack
	Bladderwrack is a type of brown algae that is rich in iodine. Due to its iodine content, bladderwrack has long been used in the treatment of hypothyroidism and other thyroid-related conditions, although it seems that high profile human trials have yet to confirm this. While iodine's influence on the thyroid is a certainty, the varying iodine content of bladderwrack means standardization and carefully controlled trials are necessary. What has been confirmed has been within the context of test tube and animal studies and the results are extremely promising. In addition to iodine, powerful components within bladderwrack have shown exciting results that include anti-viral properties. The prominent Dr. Andrew Weil reported recently that scientists at the National Cancer Institute are now investigating the anti-cancer properties of seaweeds.

	Browse Sections:
	Summary Other Names Description Traditional Internal Uses Indications Actions Constituents / Nutrients		Pharmacological Summary Research Precautions / Contraindications Possible Side Effects Dosage References

	Common Name
	Bladderwrack
	Botanical Latin Name / Classification
	Fucus vesiculosis
	Parts Used
	Dried mass or root, stem, and leaves.
	Other Names
	Algae, Seaweed, Fucus, Sea-Wrack, Kelp-Ware, Black-Tang, Quercus Marina, Cutweed, Bladder Focus, Fucus (Varech) Vesiculeux, Blasentang, Seetang, Meeriche. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Description
	Bladderwrack is a type of brown algae (seaweed) that grows on the northern Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States and on the northern Atlantic coast and Baltic coast of Europe. Bladderwrack is often over a yard long. It is olive green when fresh and black/brown when dry. It is found on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and in the North Sea and the western Baltic. The main stem of bladderwrack, known as the thallus, is used medicinally. The thallus has tough, air-filled pods or bladders to help the algae float-thus the name bladderwrack. Although bladderwrack is sometimes called kelp, that name is not specific to this species and should be avoided. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Traditional Internal Uses
	Discovered in 1812, this seaweed was the original source of iodine, and was used extensively to treat goiter, a swelling of the thyroid gland related to insufficient iodine. In the 1860s, it was claimed that Bladderwrack, as a thyroid stimulant, could counter obesity by increasing metabolic rate, and, since then, it has been featured in numerous weight-loss remedies. While some sources claim that Bladderwrack was not used, medicinally, until the latter half of the 19th century, other sources claim otherwise. Some believe that in 1750, a Doctor Russell was successful in dispersing scrofulous tumours by rubbing in the mucus of the vesicles of Bladderwrack, afterwards washing the parts with sea-water. The extracted charcoal was also helpful in treatment of goiters. The iodine from other sources led to the neglect of kelp products. In 1862, Dr. Duchesne-Duparc found while experimenting in cases of chronic psoriasis, that weight was reduced without injuring health, and used the drug with success for the latter purpose. Dr. Godfroy experimented on himself, losing five and a quarter pounds in a week after taking before three meals a day an extract made into pills containing 25 grams (3.75 grains). The bromine and iodine stimulated the absorbent glands to increased activity, without causing an atrophied wasting of the glands. Later experiments of Hunt and Seidell indicated that the result is brought about by stimulation of the thyroid gland. Bladderwrack's mucilaginous thallus has long been used to soothe irritated and inflamed tissues in the body.1 It was also historically used as a bulk-forming laxative.2 People living near oceans or seas have a historically low rate of hypothyroidism, due, in part, to ingestion of iodine-rich food, such as seafood and seaweeds like bladderwrack. It has also been used to counter obesity, possibly due to its reputation for stimulating the thyroid gland. Clinical research in this area has failed to confirm that seaweeds like bladderwrack help with weight loss,3 though more specific research is warranted. Bladderwrack has also been used for its ability to protect against environmental toxins, increase circulation and help lower cholesterol. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Indications
	Primary Indications: Thyroid Disorders (Hypothyroidism / Hyperthyroidism), Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD), Goiter, Obesity (Thyroid-Related), Metabolism Secondary Indications: Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis, Arthritis, Constipation, Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Immunity / Immune Disorders, Indigestion, Rheumatism, Rheumatoid Arthritis Other Indications: Acid / Alkaline Balance, Blood Glucose (Sugar) Levels, Circulatory System / Circulation, Hypercholesterolemia, Skin Disorders, Toxicity / Toxemia Secondary Indications: Joint Pain Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Actions
	Antibacterial, Antibiotic, Anticholesterolemic, Anticoagulant, Antihypothyroid, Antioxidant, Antirheumatic, Detoxifying Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Constituents / Nutrients
	There are three major active constituents in bladderwrack: iodine, alginic acid, and fucoidan. Iodine: A non-metallic element belonging to the halogens. It occurs naturally in sea water, plants, and rocks. Alginic Acid: A type of dietary fiber that can be used to help relieve constipation and diarrhea. Fucoidan: Another type of dietary fiber in bladderwrack that contains numerous sulfur groups. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Pharmacological Summary
	Most of the healing virtues of Bladderwrack seem to derive from its iodine content, which stimulates the thyroid gland. Bladderwrack contains high concentrations of iodine, and for this reason it has been recommended as a treatment for hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland). However, iodine will only help for the type of hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency, which is a relatively rare condition in the developed world. If your iodine levels are not low, taking extra amounts of iodine can cause your thyroid gland to become either over- or underactive, causing hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of iodine supplied by bladderwrack is unpredictable. This confirmed anti-viral action of alginic acid and fucoidin derived from animal studies may be good news in the fight against cancer. The prominent Dr. Andrew Weil reported recently that scientists at the National Cancer Institute are now investigating the anti-cancer properties of seaweeds. Researchers in Japan have claimed kelp has been "conclusively proven to prevent breast cancer"), in addition to having antibiotic, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Other proposed uses of bladderwrack include treating atherosclerosis and strengthening immunity, but there is no meaningful evidence at present that it works for these purposes. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Research
	"Hypothyroidism: Symptoms and Successful Treatment" "Iodine and Cancer: 2 cents from Dr.B." Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Precautions / Contraindications
	High dosages of iodide (over 150 micrograms per day) can induce or worsen an overactive thyroid. Allergic reactions are also a possibility. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Interaction with Medications
	None documented. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Possible Side Effects
	Warning signs of excessive thyroid stimulation include thyroid enlargement, rapid heartbeat, palpitations, nervousness, agitation, increased sweating, fatigue, weakness, insomnia, increased appetite, and weight loss. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	Dosage
	Dried Extract: 300 - 600 mg, 1-3 times a day. (Most common dosage is 600 mg, 2 times daily) Liquid Extract: 4 to 8 mL, 3 times daily. (Most common dosage is 4 mL, 3 times daily.) Note: The most current available medical and scientific literature indicates that this dietary supplement should be standardized to no more than 150mcg of iodine daily. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products
	References
	1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 1996:124-6. 2. Mills SY. Out of the Earth: The Essential Book of Herbal Medicine. Middlesex, UK: Viking Arkana, 1991:514-6. 3. Bj”rvell H, R”ssner S. Long-term effects of commonly available weight reducing programmes in Sweden. Int J Obes 1986;11:67-71. 4. Norman JA, Pickford CJ, Sanders TW, et al. Human intake of arsenic and iodine from seaweed based food supplements and health foods available in the UK. Food Addit Contam 1987;5:103-9. 5. Chevrel B. A comparative crossover study on the treatment of heartburn and epigastric pain: Liquid Gaviscon and a magnesium-aluminum antacid gel. J Int Med Res 1980;8:300-3. 6. Barnett SA, Varley SJ. The effects of calcium alginate on wound healing. Ann R Coll Surgeons Engl 1987;69:153-5. 7. B‚ress A, Wassermann O, Bruhn T, et al. A new procedure for the isolation of anti-HIV compounds (polysaccharides and polyphenols) from the marine alga Fucus vesiculosus. J Nat Prod 1993;56:478-88. 8. V zquez-Freire MJ, Lamela M, Calleja JM. Hypolipidaemic activity of a polysaccharide extract from Fucus vesiculosus L. Phytother Res 1996;10:647-50. 9. Lahaye M, Kaeffer B. Seaweed dietary fibres: Structure, physico-chemical and biological properties relevant to intestinal physiology. Sci Aliments 1997;17:564-84 [review]. 10. V zquez-Freire MJ, Lamela M, Calleja JM. Hypolipidaemic activity of a polysaccharide extract from Fucus vesiculosus L. Phytother Res 1996;10:647-50. 11. V zquez-Freire MJ, Lamela M, Calleja JM. A preliminary study of hypoglycaemic activity of several polysaccharide extracts from brown algae: Fucus vesiculosus, Saccorhiza polyschides and Laminaria ochroleuca. Phytother Res 1996;10(suppl):S184-5. 12. Bartlett MR, Warren HS, Cowden WB, Parish DR. Effects of the anti-inflammatory compounds castanospermine, mannose-6-phosphate and fucoidan on allograft rejection and elicited peritoneal exudates. Immunol Cell Biol 1994;72:367-74. 13. Church FC, Mead JB, Treanor RE, Whinna HC. Antithrombin activity of fucoidan. The interaction of fucoidan with heparin cofactor II, antithrombin III and thrombin. J Biol Chem 1989;264:3618-23. 14. Criado MT, Ferreir¢s CM. Toxicity of an algal mucopolysaacharide for Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis strains. Rev Esp Fisiol 1984;40:227-30. 15. Moen LK, Clark GF. A novel reverse transcriptase inhibitor from Fucus vesiculosus. Int Conf AIDS 1993;9(1):145, abstr. #PO-A03-0061. 16. Criado MT, Ferreir¢s CM. Toxicity of an algal mucopolysaacharide for Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis strains. Rev Esp Fisiol 1984;40:227-30. 17. Lederman S, Gulick R, Chess L. Dextran sulfate and heparin interact with CD4 molecules to inhibit the binding of coat protein (gp120) of HIV. J Immunol 1989;143:1149-54. Our thanks to the following information resources:PdrHealth.com, Botanical.com. Browse Sections \| View Bladderwrack products