| | | | Other Names | | | Chronic Fatigue, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, CFS.
View products | | | Chronic fatigue syndrome is a poorly understood disease involving many
body systems. No single cause for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been
identified. Therefore, it is defined by symptoms and by ruling out other
known causes of fatigue. This needs to be done by a healthcare
practitioner. Suggested causes include chronic viral infections, food
allergy, adrenal gland dysfunction, and many others. None of these have
been convincingly documented in more than a minority of sufferers. The
current definition is disabling fatigue lasting more than six months that
reduces activity by more than half. In some people there is also
difficulty sleeping, swollen lymph nodes, and/or mild fever. When there is
muscle soreness, fibromyalgia may be the actual problem. Although CFS is
considered a modern diagnosis, it may have existed for centuries under
other names, such as "the vapors," neurasthenia, "effort syndrome"
(diagnosed in World War I veterans), hypoglycemia, and chronic
mononucleosis.
What are the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome?
In addition to fatigue, there may also be muscle pain, joint pain not
associated with redness or swelling, short-term memory loss, and an
inability to concentrate. Some people with chronic fatigue syndrome also
experience difficulty sleeping, swollen lymph nodes, and/or mild
fever.
Conventional treatment options: Since there is no definitive
conventional therapy for CFS, doctors use a combination of lifestyle
changes, including aerobic exercise, healthful diet, stress reduction,
phototherapy, and psychological counseling. Prescription medications may
also be used and include anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants,
hydrocortisone, and pain relievers.
Dietary changes that may be
helpful: Some doctors believe that people with CFS who have low blood
pressure should not restrict their salt intake. Among CFS sufferers who
have a form of low blood pressure triggered by changes in position
(orthostatic hypotension), some have been reported in a preliminary study
to be helped by additional salt intake.1 People with CFS considering
increasing salt intake should consult a doctor before making such a
change. (See the Herb information, below, for more information on blood
pressure and CFS.)
Lifestyle changes that may be helpful: Exercise
is important to prevent the worsening of fatigue. Many people report
feeling better after undertaking a moderate exercise plan.2 3 However,
most people with CFS are sensitive to overexertion, and excessive exercise
may lead to consistently worsening fatigue and mental functioning.4 5 6
Exercise should be attempted gradually, starting with very small efforts.
One small study found that intermittent exercise, in which patients walked
for three minutes followed by three minutes of rest for a total of 30
minutes, did not exacerbate their CFS symptoms.7
Nutritional
supplements that may be helpful: The combination of potassium aspartate
and magnesium aspartate has shown benefits for chronically fatigued people
in double-blind trials.8 9 10 11 However, these trials were performed
before the criteria for diagnosing CFS was established, so whether these
people were suffering from CFS is unclear. Usually 1 gram of aspartates is
taken twice per day, and results have been reported within one to two
weeks.
Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause fatigue. However, some
reports,12 even double-blind ones,13 have shown that people who are not
deficient in B12 have increased energy following a series of vitamin B12
injections. Some sources in conventional medicine have discouraged such
people from taking B12 shots despite this evidence.14 Nonetheless, some
doctors have continued to take the limited scientific support for B12
seriously.15 In one preliminary trial, 2,500 to 5,000 mcg of vitamin B12
given by injection every two to three days led to improvement in 50 to 80%
of a group of people with CFS; most improvement appeared after several
weeks of B12 shots.16 While the research in this area remains preliminary,
people with CFS considering a trial of vitamin B12 injections should
consult a doctor. Oral or sublingual B12 supplements are unlikely to
obtain the same results as injectable B12, because the body's ability to
absorb large amounts is relatively poor.
A preliminary trial has
shown that people with CFS have reduced functional B-vitamin status when
compared to people without the condition.17 The functional vitamin
deficiency seen in this study was most pronounced for vitamin B6.
Double-blind trials are needed to establish whether B-vitamin
supplementation is effective in people with chronic fatigue
syndrome.
L-carnitine is required for energy production in the
powerhouses of cells (the mitochondria). There may be a problem in the
mitochondria in people with CFS. Deficiency of carnitine has been seen in
some CFS sufferers.18 One gram of carnitine taken three times daily for
eight weeks led to improvement in CFS symptoms in one preliminary
trial.19
NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) helps make ATP,
the energy source the body runs on. In a double-blind trial, people with
CFS received 10 mg of NADH or a placebo each day for four weeks.20 Of
those receiving NADH, 31% reported improvements in fatigue, decreases in
other symptoms, and improved overall quality of life, compared with only
8% of those in the placebo group. Further double-blind research is needed
to confirm these findings.
Magnesium levels have been reported to
be low in CFS sufferers. In a double-blind trial, injections with
magnesium improved symptoms for most people.21 Oral magnesium
supplementation has improved symptoms in those people with CFS who
previously had low magnesium levels, according to a preliminary report,
although magnesium injections were sometimes necessary.22 These
researchers report that magnesium deficiency appears to be very common in
people with CFS. Nonetheless, several other researchers report no evidence
of magnesium deficiency in people with CFS.23 24 25 The reason for this
discrepancy remains unclear. If people with CFS do consider magnesium
supplementation, they should have their magnesium status checked by a
doctor before undertaking supplementation. It appears that only people
with magnesium deficiency benefit from this
therapy.
Dehydroepiandrosterone, more commonly known as DHEA, is a
hormone now available as a supplement. In one report, DHEA levels were
found to be low in people with CFS.26 Another research group reported
that, while DHEA levels were normal in a group of CFS patients, the
ability of these people to increase their DHEA level in response to
hormonal stimulation was impaired.27 Whether supplementation with DHEA
might help CFS patients remains unknown due to the lack of controlled
research. DHEA should not be used without the supervision of a healthcare
professional.
Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to
the individual supplement for information about any side effects or
interactions.
Herbs that may be helpful: Some research suggests
that CFS may be partially due to low adrenal function resulting from
different stressors (e.g., mental stress, physical stress, and even viral
illness) and impacting the normal communication between the hypothalamus,
pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands.28 Licorice root is known to
stimulate the adrenal glands and to block the breakdown of active cortisol
in the body.29 One case report described a man with CFS whose symptoms
improved after taking 2.5 grams of licorice root daily.30 While there have
been no controlled trials to test licorice in patients with CFS, it may be
worth a trial of six to eight weeks using 2 to 3 grams of licorice root
daily.
Adaptogenic herbs such as Asian ginseng and eleuthero may
also be useful for CFS patients-the herbs not only have an
immunomodulating effect but also help support the normal function of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the hormonal stress system of the
body.31 These herbs are useful follow-ups to the six to eight weeks of
taking licorice root and may be used for long-term support of adrenal
function in people with CFS. However, no controlled research has
investigated the effect of adaptogenic herbs on CFS.
Are there any
side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual herb for information
about any side effects or interactions.
Other integrative
approaches that may be helpful: Highly stressful situations should be
avoided by people with CFS. Coping mechanisms for dealing with stress can
sometimes be maximized by behavioral therapy, which has been shown helpful
for people with CFS in several controlled
studies.32
References:
1. De Lorenzo F, Hargreaves J,
Kakkar VV. Pathogenesis and management of delayed orthostatic hypotension
in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Auton Res
1997;7:185-90.
2. Fulcher KY, White PD. Randomised controlled trial
of graded exercise in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Br Med J
1997;314:1647-52.
3. McCully KK, Sisto SA, Natelson BH. Use of
exercise for treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. Sports Med
1996;21:35-48 [review].
4. Blackwood SK, MacHale SM, Power MJ, et
al. Effects of exercise on cognitive and motor function in chronic fatigue
syndrome and depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
1998;65:541-6.
5. LaManca JJ, Sisto SA, DeLuca J, et al. Influence
of exhaustive treadmill exercise on cognitive functioning in chronic
fatigue syndrome. Am J Med 1998;105:59S-65S.
6. Paul L, Wood L,
Behan WM, et al. Demonstration of delayed recovery from fatiguing exercise
in chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur J Neurol 1999;6:63-9.
7. Clapp LL,
Richardson MT, Smith JF, et al. Acute effects of thirty minutes of
light-intensity, intermittent exercise on patients with chronic fatigue
syndrome. Phys Ther 1999;79:749-56.
8. Shaw DL, Chesney MA, Tullis
IF, Agersborg HPK. Management of fatigue: a physiologic approach. Am J Med
Sci 1962;243:758-69.
9. Crescente FJ. Treatment of fatigue in a
surgical practice. J Abdom Surg 1962;4:73.
10. Hicks J. Treatment
of fatigue in general practice: a double-blind study. Clin Med
1964;Jan:85-90.
11. Formica PE. The housewife syndrome: treatment
with the potassium and magnesium salts of aspartic acid. Curr Ther Res
1962;Mar:98-106.
12. Kaufman W. The use of vitamin therapy to
reverse certain concomitants of aging. J Am Geriatr Soc
1955;3:927-36.
13. Ellis FR, Nasser S. A pilot study of vitamin B12
in the treatment of tiredness. Br J Nutr 1973;30:277-83.
14.
Lawhorne L, Rindgahl D. Cyanocobalamin injections for patients without
documented deficiency. JAMA 1989;261:1920-3.
15. Gaby AR.
Literature Review & Commentary. Townsend Letter for Doctors & Patients
1997;Feb/Mar:27 [review].
16. Lapp CW, Cheney PR. The rationale for
using high-dose cobalamin (vitamin B12). CFIDS Chronicle Physicians' Forum
1993;Fall:19-20.
17. Heap LC, Peters TJ, Wessely S. Vitamin B
status in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J R Soc Med
1999;92:183-5.
18. Kuratsune H, Yamaguti K, Takahashi M, et al.
Acylcarnitine deficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis
1994;18(suppl 1):S62-7.
19. Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and
L-carnitine treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuropsycholbiol
1997;35:16-23.
20. Forsyth LM, Preuss HG, MacDowell AL, et al.
Therapeutic effects of oral NADH on the symptoms of patients with chronic
fatigue syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999;82:185-91.
21.
Cox IM, Campbell MJ, Dowson D. Red blood cell magnesium and chronic
fatigue syndrome. Lancet 1991;337:757-60.
22. Howard JM, Davies S,
Hunnisett A. Magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet
1992;340:426.
23. Clague JE, Edwards RH, Jackson MJ. Intravenous
magnesium loading in chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet
1992;340:124-5.
24. Gantz NM. Magnesium and chronic fatigue. Lancet
1991;338:66 [letter].
25. Hinds G, Bell NP, McMaster D, McCluskey
DR. Normal red cell magnesium concentrations and magnesium loading tests
in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Ann Clin Biochem 1994;31(Pt.
5):459-61.
26. Kuratsune H, Yamaguti K, Sawada M, et al.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate deficiency in chronic fatigue syndrome. Int
J Mol Med 1998;1:143-6.
27. De Becker P, De Meirleir K, Joos E, et
al. Dehydroepiandorsterone (DHEA) response to i.v. ACTH in patients with
chronic fatigue syndrome. Horm Metab Res 1999;31:18-21.
28.
Bou-Holaigah I, Rowe PC, Kan J, Calkins H. The relationship between
neurally mediated hypotension and the chronic fatigue syndrome. JAMA
1995;274:961-7.
29. Whorwood CB, Shepard MC, Stewart PM. Licorice
inhibits 11á-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase messenger ribonucleic acid
levels and potentiates glucocorticoid hormone action. Endocrinology
1993;132:2287-92.
30. Baschetti R. Chronic fatigue syndrome and
liquorice. New Z Med J 1995;108:156-7 [letter].
31. Brown D.
Licorice root-potential early intervention for chronic fatigue syndrome.
Quart Rev Natural Med 1996;Summer:95-7.
32. Price JR, Couper J.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for adults with chronic fatigue syndrome.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD001027 [review].
Source: NOW
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Please Note: This Traditional Use information is provided as a courtesy only. The products indicated above may be listed in error. This information is based on Traditional and Folklore Medicine which uses natural materials to support health. This information has not been evaluated or approved by the FDA and is not based on scientific evidence from any source. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are intended to support general well being and are not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure any condition or disease. If conditions persist, please seek advice from your medical doctor.
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Fo-Ti Tieng & Eleuthero Combination - 450 mg 100 capsules
14.53 US More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Fo-Ti Tieng & Eleuthero Combination Powder 4 oz / 114 g
15.51 US In Stock - Ships Today! More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Fo-Ti Tieng & Eleuthero Combination Powder 1 oz / 28 g
8.93 US More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Fo-Ti Tieng & Eleuthero Combination Tea (Loose) 4 oz / 114 g
11.71 US More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Fo-Ti Tieng & Eleuthero Combination Tea (Loose) 8 oz / 227 g
17.61 US More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Fo-Ti Tieng & Eleuthero Combination Tea 25 tea bags
11.60 US In Stock - Ships Today! More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Fo-Ti Tieng & Eleuthero Combination Tea 50 tea bags
17.60 US In Stock - Ships Today! More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Wild Yam Root - 500 mg 90 capsules
12.47 US More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Lipoec - Energizer - Alpha-Lipoic Acid - 50 mg 60 caplets
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Moducare (Phytosterols) 90 tablets
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Moducare (Phytosterols) 180 tablets
49.74 US More Info
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) - Health - Multi-mune 180 tablets
60.03 US More Info
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