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Analgesia (Pain Relief)

Please Note: This Traditional Use information is provided as a courtesy only. The products indicated above may be listed in error. This information is based on Traditional and Folklore Medicine which uses natural materials to support health. This information has not been evaluated or approved by the FDA and is not based on scientific evidence from any source. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are intended to support general well being and are not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure any condition or disease. If conditions persist, please seek advice from your medical doctor.

	Other Names
	Analgesia, Analgesic, Analgesic Pain, Pain Relief, General pain and healing. View products
	Pain, or "analgesia", is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage (International Association for the Study of Pain, 1979). Pain is perceived in the cerebral cortex of the brain and is always subjective. Stimuli which cause pain usually damage tissues. Pain is always unpleasant, and sometimes sensations that would usually be benign can be perceived as painful (e.g. allodynia (extreme tenderness of the skin) or dysaesthesia (unpleasant skin sensations resulting from partial damage to sensory nerve fibres)). Pain may be broadly defined as being acute or chronic. Acute pain is caused by internal or external injury or disease. It warns the individual that harm or damage is occurring and stimulates them to take avoiding or protective action. With either effective treatment of disease or injury and/or the natural healing process the pain resolves, though some acute pain syndromes may develop into chronic pain. Stimuli which are sufficiently intense potentially to damage tissue will cause the stimulation of specific receptors known as nociceptors. Damage to tissues releases substances which stimulate the nociceptors. On the surface of the body there is a high density of nociceptors and each area of the body is supplied by nerves from a specific spinal segment or level. This allows the brain to localize the source of the pain accurately. Pain from internal structures and organs is more difficult to localize and is often felt in some more superficial structure. For example, irritation of the diaphragm is often felt as pain in the shoulder as the nerves from both structures enter the spinal cord at the same level (often the structures have developed from the same parts of the embryo). This is known as referred pain. The impulses from nociceptors travel along nerves to the spinal cord. Within the spinal cord there is modulation of the pain 'messages' by other incoming sensory modalities and descending input from the brain (Melzack and Walls' gate-control theory). This modulation involves endogenous morphine-like molecules (the endorphins and encephalins) amongst many other pain-transmitting and -modulating substances. The modified input then passes up the spinal cord through the thalamus to the cerebral cortex. Thus the amount of pain 'felt' may be altered by the emotional state of the individual and by other incoming sensations. Once pain is perceived then 'action' is taken. This involves withdrawal of the area being damaged, vocalization, and autonomic nervous system response and examination of the painful area. Analysis of the event using memory will occur and appropriate action taken to reduce pain and treat the damage. Chronic pain may be defined in several ways. It is often defined as pain resistant to one month's treatment or pain persisting one month beyond the usual course of an acute illness or injury. Some doctors may also arbitrarily choose the figure of six months. Chronic pain differs from acute pain. The physiological response is different and pain may be either caused by stimuli which do not usually cause the perception of pain or pain may arise within nerves or the central nervous system with no apparent external stimulation. It seldom has a physiological protective function in the way acute pain has. Also, chronic pain may be self perpetuating. First, if individuals gain a psychological advantage from having pain, they may continue to do so (e.g. gaining attention from family or health professionals, etc.). The nervous system itself alters when pain is longstanding so that it becomes more sensitive to painful inputs and tends to perpetuate the pain. This is because the pathways within the central nervous system are not constant. They are thought to have some plasticity and may be altered by, for example, chronic painful stimuli. View products