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Grape Seed | | |
Researchers have recently learned that it may be the seeds of the grape
that possess its most healthful properties! While historically the leaves
and skins of the grape were used for support of conditions associated with
the venous and circulatory systems, today it is believed that the powerful
antioxidant actions are derived primarily from the seeds. In recent years,
alcohol, particularly red wine, has received publicity for its ability to
inhibit the oxidation of LDL or "bad cholesterol". However, due
to the inherent negative effects of alcohol consumption - motor vehicle
accidents to liver disease - grape seed extract offers a healthier
alternative without any alcohol or additives.
| |
| Common Name | | | Grape Seed
| | | Botanical Latin Name / Classification | | | Vitis vinifera
| | | Parts Used | | | Leaves, fruit, and seeds
| | | Other Names | | | Grapeseed, "OPCs" (for oligomeric procyanidins), or
"PCOs" (for procyanidolic oligomers).
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| | | Description | | | The red grape plant is a 30 cm high climbing vine with heavily-branched
roots, a woody trunk, orbicular leaves, and globular fruit with
pear-shaped seeds. It is indigenous to southern Europe and western Asia;
however, it is now cultivated in temperate regions around the world. The
medicinal parts of the plant include the leaves, fruit, and
juice.
The medicinal and nutritional value of grapes (Vitis
vinifera) has been heralded for thousands of years. Grape leaves were
traditionally used to stop bleeding, inflammation, and pain, such as the
kind brought on by hemorrhoids. Unripe grapes were used to treat sore
throats and dried grapes (raisins) were used to heal consumption,
constipation, and thirst. The round, ripe, sweet grapes, were used to
treat a range of health problems including cancer, cholera, smallpox,
nausea, eye infections, and skin, kidney, and liver
diseases.
Researchers are now discovering that most of the
healthful properties of grapes may actually come from the seeds
themselves. Among other beneficial effects, the active compounds in grape
seed are believed to have antioxidant properties. A recent study found
that supplementation with grape seed extract substantially increased
levels of antioxidants in the blood. Antioxidants found in grape seeds can
neutralize free radicals and may reduce or even help prevent some of the
damage they cause
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| | | Traditional Internal Uses | | | The primary clinical indications for grape seed extract are the treatment
of such vascular disorders as venous insufficiency and capillary fragility
and possibly retinal maladies such as diabetic retinopathy and macular
degeneration. PCO's may improve night vision.
Moderately high
amounts of grape seed extract may blunt salt-sensitive hypertension.
Grape seed extract may be helpful as an antioxidant in
smokers.
Research has shown that proanthocyanidins (which are
bioflavonoids) are anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, and antiallergenic,
and are major free radical scavengers. Proanthocyanidins help promote
tissue elasticity, help heal injuries, reduce swelling and edema, restore
collagen and improve peripheral circulation.
Proanthocyanidins also
help prevent bruising, strengthen weak blood vessels, protect against
atherosclerosis, and reduce histamine production. Grapeseeds strengthen
and support cardiovascular function, and improve the performance of the
nervous system & immune system.
Oil pressed from grape seeds is
used as a dietary supplement. It contains a relatively high percentage of
linoleic acid, which belongs to a group of nutrients known as essential
fatty acids (EFAs). The body needs EFAs to regulate activities that
include heart function, insulin utilization, and mood balance. However,
the body cannot produce EFAs, so they must be obtained from foods or
dietary supplements. EFAs are thought to block the production of chemicals
that promote the formation of deposits in the blood vessels. Consequently,
blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels may be lowered and the risk of
heart disease may decrease. Additional studies are needed to confirm the
effects of both linoleic acid and grape seed oil for lowering the risk of
heart disease.
Today, professional herbalists use standardized
extracts of grape seed to treat a range of health problems related to free
radical damage, including heart disease and cancer. Flavonoids found in
red wine have been shown to inhibit the oxidation of LDL ("bad")
cholesterol. (LDL oxidation can lead to hardening of the arteries or
atherosclerosis). If it is indeed the flavonoids contributing to heart
protection, then grape seed extracts offer an important alternative to
alcohol, particularly given the down sides of drinking alcohol). It is
also important to note that the use of alcohol is not advocated by the
American Heart Association and other organizations because of the
potential for addiction and the other serious repercussions such as motor
vehicle accidents and the development of hypertension, liver disease,
breast cancer, and weight gain.
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| | | Indications | | | Primary Indications: Cardiovascular Disorders, Immunity / Immune Disorders, Vein Health / Venous Insufficiency, Blood Vessel (Vascular) Disorders, Circulatory System / Circulation
Secondary Indications: Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension (High Blood Pressure), Arteriosclerosis / Atherosclerosis, Diabetic Retinopathy
Other Indications: HIV / AIDS Support, Tooth Decay (Cavities / Caries), Skin Disorders, Sunburn, Cataracts, Asthenopia (Eyestrain), Diabetes (Type I / Type II), Canker Sores, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, Weight Control / Obesity, Parkinson's Disease
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| | | Actions | | | Anti-Carcinogenic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer / Antitumor, Anticholesterolemic, Antioxidant, Blood Tonic, Hypertensive, Immunoactive / Immunomodulatory / Immunostimulative, Vasodilator
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| | | Constituents / Nutrients | | | Grape seed extracts have compounds called procyanidolic oligomers (PCOs).
Other sources of PCOs are berries, green and black teas, and red wine.
PCOs are powerful antioxidants, perhaps much greater than vitamins C and
E. They also inhibit a number of enzymes that degrade connective tissue
such as elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase.
Vitamin E,
flavonoids, linoleic acid, and compounds called procyanidins (also known
as condensed tannins, pycnogenols, and oligomeric proanthocyanidins or
OPCs) are highly concentrated in grape seeds. These healthful compounds
can also be found in lower concentrations in the skin of the grape.
Procyanidins are also found in grape juice and wine, but in lower
concentrations.
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| | | Pharmacological Summary | | | Results from human case reports and some laboratory and animal studies
appear to show that grape seed extract may help to prevent and treat heart
diseases such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. By limiting
oxidation, antioxidants in grape seed extract may help prevent damage to
blood vessels and other changes that may contribute to the development of
heart disease. Substances in grape seed extract may also block the effects
of enzymes that process fats - including cholesterol - from the diet. Less
fat may be absorbed and more may be eliminated from the body. Other
research shows that grape seed extract may help to prevent or control
damage to body cells that is caused by drugs, pollution, tobacco, and
other toxins. While all of these studies appear promising, much more
research - including long-term studies in humans - is needed to confirm
initial findings.
Proanthocyanidins are also believed to block the
deterioration of blood vessels, therefore, grape seed extract may improve
conditions involving veins and arteries. It has been used to prevent,
delay, and treat a condition known as chronic venous insufficiency, which
occurs when valves in the veins that carry blood back to the heart are
weak or damaged. The blood that collects in the veins of the legs can lead
to varicose veins, spider veins, or sores on the legs. Results that are
more serious may include blood clots in the legs or sores that do not heal
and may become infected. This blood vessel strengthening effect of grape
seed extract may also help to prevent and treat hemorrhoids.
Since
proanthocyanidins in grape seed extract strengthen the walls of all blood
vessels, they may also help to keep damaged, stretched, or stiff blood
vessels from leaking. In one area of research, grape seed extract may be
effective for slowing retinopathy, the gradual break down of the retinas
in the eyes - usually due to blood vessel damage. Individuals with
arteriosclerosis (a build up of fatty deposits in the arteries), diabetes,
or other conditions that increase the likelihood for damage to the small
blood vessels in the eyes are more likely to have serious vision problems
as a result of that damage. Grape seed extract may also reduce eye stress
caused by bright lights. In studies of laboratory animals, it has shown
some possible effectiveness in preventing cataract formation, but further
study is needed to determine whether this effect may pertain to
humans.
One of the polyphenols contained in grape seed extract is
called resveratrol. In laboratory and animal studies, resveratrol from
grape seeds has appeared to interfere with cancer cell growth and
division, as well as causing some cancer cells to disintegrate faster than
they would ordinarily. In addition, it may also block enzymes that prolong
the survival of several cancer cell types. As a result, tumors may either
stop growing or actually shrink because higher than usual numbers of
cancer cells die. Therefore, resveratrol may have direct anticancer
activity. It may also increase the effectiveness and/or lower the side
effects of drugs currently used for cancer chemotherapy. One possible
result is that taking resveratrol during chemotherapy may allow lower
doses of cancer drugs to be effective, thereby limiting the potential for
debilitating side effects. A similar effect was seen in laboratory studies
of grape seed extract against HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Although
the exact ways that grape seed extract may fight HIV and other viruses are
not known, it is thought that grape seed extract interferes with viral
multiplication, possibly by preventing viral attachment to host cells. How
high doses of resveratrol and other chemicals in grape seed extract may
affect normal human cells is not yet known.
Grape seed extract may
also have topical uses. In preliminary research, grape seed extract
appears to be moderately effective for preventing tooth decay. It is
believed to delay or stop the breakdown of sugars in the mouth and also to
inhibit the growth of certain oral bacteria that may play a role in
forming dental cavities. In other studies, injuries to the skin of
laboratory animals may have healed better when grape seed extract was
applied. Through several possible effects that include promoting the
regrowth of connective tissues, grape seed extract is believed to
encourage faster, stronger healing with less scarring.
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| | | Scientific Research and Pharmacologicial Actions | | | The discovery of proanthocyanidins occurred in the mid-1940s by a PhD
student, Jacques Masquelier, at the Bordeaux Medical University in France.
Masquelier first isolated these bitter-tasting, colorless flavonoids from
peanut skins and called them leuko-anthocyanidins ("pale
anthocyanins"). When Masquelier gave guinea pigs the concentrated
leukoanthocyanidin extract, he discovered remarkable capillary
strengthening effects - a doubling within hours. Masquelier then
discovered OPCs in grape seeds and further proved their dramatic
circulatory-strengthening effects. He also found OPCs effective for
treating water retention, swelling of ankles and knees and pregnancy
related disorders.
According to Masquelier, all proanthocyanidins
are powerful antioxidants but it is only OPCS that are active in the
repair of collagen and the strengthening of blood vessels and capillaries.
Masquelier's Tru-OPC TM Grape Seed Extract was tested double-blind on a
group of elderly people with fragile capillaries and 89 percent had
significant improvement after two weeks with only 100 to 150 mg per day.
Tru-OPC TM GSE also has strong antibacterial and antiviral properties and
prevents histamine release through protecting immune cells against
degradation by enzymes (important for alleviating allergies and
hayfever).
OPCs can also lower cholesterol and prevent LDL
oxidation. GSE has been shown to significantly help in the treatment of:
skin wound healing; pancreatitis; multi-organ toxicity from chemotherapy;
hemorrhagic shock; advancing age; injury of many organs; Alzheimer and
Parkinson's disease; gastrointestinal dysfunctions; AIDS; and over 100
free radical related diseases.
Grape seed extract prevents
H(2)O(2)-induced chromosomal damage in human lymphoblastoid
cells.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Sep;27(9):1459-61.
We
examined the effects of grape seed extract on chromosomal damage in two
ways; induction on its own and prevention against treatment of reactive
oxygen species. The Grape seed extract was composed of 89%
proanthocyanidin with a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 15.
Grape seed extract did not induce chromosomal damage in WIL2-NS cells. In
contrast, pretreatment with Grape seed extract dose-dependently prevented
H(2)O(2)-induced chromosomal damage. A similar preventive effect of Grape
seed extract was not detected in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced damage
even at 5 mg/l. In a cell free system, Grape seed extract (<5 mg/l)
directly scavenged H(2)O(2), but produced slight amounts of H(2)O(2) at
higher concentrations (>50 mg/l). These results suggest that Grape seed
extract is not genotoxic, but rather has an antigenotoxic effect against
H(2)O(2) via direct scavenging action of H(2)O(2).
Oral intake
of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves
chloasma.
Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Sep;27(9):1459-61.
We
examined the effects of grape seed extract on chromosomal damage in two
ways; induction on its own and prevention against treatment of reactive
oxygen species. The Grape seed extract was composed of 89%
proanthocyanidin with a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 15.
Grape seed extract did not induce chromosomal damage in WIL2-NS cells. In
contrast, pretreatment with Grape seed extract dose-dependently prevented
H(2)O(2)-induced chromosomal damage. A similar preventive effect of Grape
seed extract was not detected in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced damage
even at 5 mg/l. In a cell free system, Grape seed extract (<5 mg/l)
directly scavenged H(2)O(2), but produced slight amounts of H(2)O(2) at
higher concentrations (>50 mg/l). These results suggest that Grape seed
extract is not genotoxic, but rather has an antigenotoxic effect against
H(2)O(2) via direct scavenging action of H(2)O(2).
Oral intake
of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves
chloasma.
Phytother Res. 2004
Nov;18(11):895-9.
Chloasma (melasma), an acquired
hypermelanosis, is often recalcitrant to various treatments and an
amenable, as well as safe, pigment-reducing modality is needed. We
investigated that the reducing effect of proanthocyanidins on chloasma in
a one-year open design study. Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract was
orally administered to 12 Japanese woman candidates with chloasma for 6
months between August 2001 and January 2002 and to 11 of these 12 for 5
months between March and July 2002. Clinical observation, L* value
(lightening) and melanin index, and size (length and width) measurements
of chloasma were performed throughout the study period. The first 6 months
of grape seed extract intake improved or slightly improved chloasma in 10
of the 12 women and following 5 months of intake improved or slightly
improved chloasma in 6 of the 11 candidates. L* values also increased
after grape seed extract intake. Melanin-index significantly decreased
after 6 months of the intake, and also decreased at the end of study.
Grape seed extract is effective in reducing the hyperpigmentation of women
with chloasma. The beneficial effects of grape seed extract was maximally
achieved after 6 months and these was no further improvement after this
period. The latter grape seed extract intake for 5 months may prevent
chloasma from becoming worse prior to the summer season. Grape seed
extract is safe and useful for improving
melasma.
Supplementation with grape seed polyphenols results in
increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic Acid, an important
metabolite of proanthocyanidins in humans.
J Agric Food Chem.
2004 Aug 25;52(17):5545-9.
Grape seed extract provides a
concentrated source of polyphenols, most of which are proanthocyanidins.
Polymeric proanthocyanidins are poorly absorbed in the small intestine of
humans, and exposure may result from metabolism to phenolic acids by
colonic bacteria. Any biological effects of proanthocyanidins may be due
to the phenolic acid metabolites. Several phenolic acids have been
identified as proanthocyanidin metabolites, but these may be derived from
a range of other dietary sources. The aim of this study was to determine
if 24-h urinary excretion of specific phenolic acids increased
significantly and consistently following regular supplementation with
grape seed extract. In a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled
trial, 69 volunteers received grape seed extract (1000 mg/day total
polyphenols) or placebo for 6 weeks. Supplementation with grape seed
polyphenols resulted in a consistent increase in the excretion of
3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP, P < 0.001) and 4-O-methylgallic acid
(P < 0.001) and a less consistent increase in the excretion of
3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (P = 0.002). The observed increase in 3-HPP is
in line with the suggestion that this compound is a major phenolic acid
breakdown product of proanthocyanidin metabolism in
vivo.
Neuroprotective effects of grape seed extract on neuronal
injury by inhibiting DNA damage in the gerbil hippocampus after transient
forebrain ischemia.
Life Sci. 2004 Sep
3;75(16):1989-2001.
Grape seed extract possess cardioprotective
abilities by functioning as in vivo antioxidants and by virtue of their
ability to directly scavenge ROS including hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.
In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of grape
seed extract in the gerbil hippocampus after 5 min transient forebrain
ischemia. Neuronal cell density in grape seed extract-treated ischemic
animals was significantly increased as compared with vehicle-treated
ischemic animals 4 days after ischemic insult. In the grape seed
extract-treated groups, about 60% of pyramidal cells of the sham-operated
group were stained with cresyl violet 4 days after ischemic insult. In
this study, we found that grape seed extract had neuroprotective effects
on neuronal injury by inhibiting DNA damage in the CA1 region after
ischemia. In vehicle-treated groups, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)
immunoreactivity was significantly changed time-dependently, whereas the
immunoreactivity in the grape seed extract-treated group was similar to
the sham-operated group. In addition, we confirmed that astrocytes and
microglia did not show significant activation in the CA1 region 4 days
after ischemia-reperfusion, because many CA1 pyramidal cells were not
damaged. Therefore, these results suggest that grape seed extract can
protect ischemic neuronal damage by inhibiting DNA damage after transient
forebrain ischemia.
Grape seed extract affects proliferation and
differentiation of human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
J Agric Food
Chem. 2004 Jun 2;52(11):3301-8.
The effect of daily contact of
a grape seed extract (GSE) on Caco-2 cell proliferation and
differentiation was investigated. Grape seed extract at 400 mg/L was added
to Caco-2 cells for 2 h a day after successive incubation in saliva,
gastric, and pancreatic media. When applied at the beginning of the cell
culture, Grape seed extract triggered inhibition of cell growth associated
with a possible cytotoxic reaction. On the other hand, when the treatment
was applied to confluent cells, treated cells displayed a higher protein
content than control cells and a more developed brush border, with taller
and denser microvilli. These observations were accompanied by stimulation
of alkaline phosphatase activity, especially at day 5 postconfluency, with
a 2.2-fold increase in comparison with the control. On the other hand,
aminopeptidase N activity was inhibited throughout the differentiation
period in Grape seed extract-treated cells to reach 28.8% of control cell
activity on day 30. Grape seed extract did not affect either
sucrase-isomaltase activity or cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
activity, which otherwise appeared to be a good cellular marker. Grape
seed extract treatment of Caco-2 cells thus inhibited their proliferation
from seeding onward and stimulated both proliferation and differentiation
after confluency.
The effect of grape-seed extract on 24 h
energy intake in humans.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004
Apr;58(4):667-73.
Objective: Since grape-seed extract
has been shown to stimulate lipolysis in vitro and reduce food intake in
rats, we assessed the efficacy of grape-seed extract with respect to
energy intake (EI) and satiety.
Design: In a randomized,
placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study, 51 subjects (age 18-65
y, body mass index 22-30 kg/m2) ate an ad libitum lunch and dinner twice
in the University Restaurant for 3 days. Standard breakfasts and snacks
were provided. Supplements were taken 30-60 min prior to each
meal.
Results: In the total study population, no difference
in 24 h EI was found between the grape-seed extract and placebo. However,
in the subgroup of subjects (n=23) with an energy requirement > or =the
median of 7.5 MJ/day, EI was reduced by 4% (DeltaEI 352.1 kJ/24 h, P=0.05)
after grape-seed extract compared to placebo treatment. Meanwhile, there
were no significant differences in macronutrient composition, attitude
towards eating, satiety, mood or tolerance.
Conclusions:
Grape seed reduced 24 h EI, with on average 4% in subjects who had an
energy requirement > or =7.5 MJ/day, without further effects on satiety,
mood or tolerance. These findings suggest that grape seed could be
effective in reducing 24 h EI in normal to overweight dietary unrestrained
subjects, and could, therefore, play a significant role in body-weight
management.
Effect of a standardized grape seed extract on
low-density lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation in heavy
smokers.
Vigna GB. University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Metabolism. 2003 Oct;52(10):1250-7.
The aim of our study was to
evaluate the effect of a standardized formulation of a polyphenolic
extract of grapes (Leucoselect-Phytosome) on low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
susceptibility to oxidation in a group of heavy smokers. A randomized,
double-blind, crossover study was undertaken in 24 healthy male heavy
smokers, aged > or = 50 years. Enrolled subjects were given 2 capsules
twice daily for 4 weeks (phase 1). Each capsule contained 75 mg of a grape
procyanidin extracts and soy-phosphatidlcholine or placebo consisiting of
75 mg lactose and soy-phosphatidlcholine. A wash out period of 3 weeks was
then followed by 4 weeks of the opposite treatment (phase 2). Blood
samples were taken at baseline and at the end of each phase and assayed
for plasma lipids and LDL susceptibility to oxidation. Compliance was
good, and no adverse effects were recorded. Subjects did not show
significant modification of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG),
high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C during LP
treatment. Among oxidative indices, thiobarbituric acid reactive
substances (TBARS) concentration was significantly reduced in subjects
taking grape seed extract, and the lag phase prolonged compared with
placebo and basal values. The antioxidant potential of grape seed extract
polyphenols may prove effective in a model of oxidative stress (smoking);
however more investigational data are needed before use in wider clinical
settings.
Polyphenolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and
functionality.
J Med Food. 2003
Winter;6(4):291-9.
Grape seeds are waste products of the winery
and grape juice industry. These seeds contain lipid, protein,
carbohydrates, and 5-8% polyphenols depending on the variety. Polyphenols
in grape seeds are mainly flavonoids, including gallic acid, the monomeric
flavan-3-ols catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, and
epicatechin 3-O-gallate, and procyanidin dimers, trimers, and more highly
polymerized procyanidins. Grape seed extract is known as a powerful
antioxidant that protects the body from premature aging, disease, and
decay. Grape seeds contains mainly phenols such as proanthocyanidins
(oligomeric proanthocyanidins). Scientific studies have shown that the
antioxidant power of proanthocyanidins is 20 times greater than vitamin E
and 50 times greater than vitamin C. Extensive research suggests that
grape seed extract is beneficial in many areas of health because of its
antioxidant effect to bond with collagen, promoting youthful skin, cell
health, elasticity, and flexibility. Other studies have shown that
proanthocyanidins help to protect the body from sun damage, to improve
vision, to improve flexibility in joints, arteries, and body tissues such
as the heart, and to improve blood circulation by strengthening
capillaries, arteries, and veins. The most abundant phenolic compounds
isolated from grape seed are catechins, epicatechin, procyanidin, and some
dimers and trimers.
Grape seed extract activates Th1 cells in
vitro.
Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002
Mar;9(2):470-6
Although flavonoids manifest a diverse range of
biological activities, including antitumor and antiviral effects, the
molecular mechanisms underlying these activities await elucidation. We
hypothesize that the flavonoid constituents of a proprietary grape seed
extract that contains procyandins exert significant antiviral and
antitumor effects, by inducing production of the Th1-derived cytokine
gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from
healthy donors. Our results show that grape seed extract significantly
induced the transcription of IFN-gamma mRNA as demonstrated by reverse
transcription-PCR but had no effect on the Th2-derived cytokine
interleukin-6. The enhancing effect of grape seed extract on IFN-gamma
expression was further supported by a concomitant increase in the number
of cells with intracytoplasmic IFN-gamma as well as the synthesis and
secretion of IFN-gamma. Our results demonstrate that the potentially
beneficial immunostimulatory effects of grape seed extract may be mediated
through the induction of IFN-gamma.
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| | | Research | | | "Animal Study Shows Grape Seed Extract May Protect Brain"
"Grape Seed Extract May Stop Arteries From Hardening"
"Grape Seed Extract Blunts Hypertension"
"Grape Seed Protects Heart Against Ischemia"
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| | | Precautions / Contraindications | | | Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid grape seed supplements.
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| | | Interaction with Medications | | | The tocopherol content of grape seed may increase the effects of warfarin
and increase the risk of bleeding when both grape seed extract and
warfarin are used at the same time.
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| | | Possible Side Effects | | | None documented.
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| | | Dosage | | | The Dietary Supplement Information Bureau recommends a daily dosage of
approximately 50 mg (standardized extract), 2 times a day for optimal
health. At the recommended dosage, grape seed is considered very safe.
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| | | References | | | Our thanks to the following information resources: Raysahelian.com,
Vitacost.com, American Botanical Council (Herbalgram.org),
Florahealth.com, Purplesage.org, and Green999.com.
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| |
| | 8 total products | | | Grape Seed (Read all about Grape Seed.)
Botanical Latin Name: Vitis vinifera
Plant Part: Leaves, fruit, and seeds | |
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Grape Seed - Health - Grape Seed Extract (95% Proanthocyanidins) Powder
4 oz / 114 g
104.39 US
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Grape Seed - Health - Grape Seed Extract (95% Proanthocyanidins) Powder
1 oz / 28 g
32.92 US
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Grape Seed - Health - Grape Seed Extract (95% Proanthocyanidins) Cream
2 oz / 57 g
46.46 US
In Stock - Ships Today!
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Grape Seed - Health - Grape Seed Extract (95% Proanthocyanidins) Salve / Ointment
2 oz / 57 g
34.28 US
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Grape Seed - Health - High Blood Pressure Support Powder - Green Tea, Grape Seed and Hawthorn
4 oz / 114 g
53.67 US
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Grape Seed - Health - High Blood Pressure Support Powder - Green Tea, Grape Seed and Hawthorn
1 oz / 28 g
19.29 US
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Grape Seed - Health - Diabetes (Type I and Type II) Support Powder - Gymnema, Fenugreek, Bilberry and More
4 oz / 114 g
34.10 US
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Grape Seed - Health - Diabetes (Type I and Type II) Support Powder - Gymnema, Fenugreek, Bilberry and More
1 oz / 28 g
13.98 US
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These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Products are intended to support general well being and are not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure any condition or disease. If conditions persist, please seek advice from your medical doctor.
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