| Abstract | i |
| Acknowledgments | iii |
| Foreword | vi |
| Chapter I. | Introduction | 1 |
| 1. | The process of Ando's architecture | 1 |
| 2. | Visions and concepts | 4 |
| a. | Visions | 4 |
| b. | Concepts | 6 |
| c. | Summary | 9 |
| Chapter II. | Literature review | 11 |
| 1. | General comments | 11 |
| 2. | The meaning of life and distinctive architecture | 12 |
| 3. | Intention, principle and concepts | 13 |
| 4. | Architecture and Eastern-Western traditions | 16 |
| 5. | Critics on the theme Geometry | 19 |
| a. | The transformation of space | 21 |
| b. | Form and structure | 22 |
| 6. | Critics on the theme Nature | 23 |
| a. | Modulation of light | 23 |
| b. | Sense of urbanism and relationships-place attachment | 23 |
| 7. | Critics on the theme Shintai | 24 |
| a. | Man's sensibility | 24 |
| b. | Daily life activities | 24 |
| Chapter III. | Japanese traditions | 26 |
| 1. | Origins and Ando's theme nature, and shintai | 27 |
| a. | Origins and nature | 27 |
| b. | Origins and shintai | 28 |
| c. | Geographical landmarks | 29 |
| 2. | Religious and philosophical encounters - the roots of Ando's architecture | 32 |
| a. | Religions | 32 |
| 1. | The influence of Shintoism to Ando's theme nature | 33 |
| 2. | Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Ando's themes | 33 |
| b. | Philosophies | 35 |
| 1. | Buddhism as philosophy | 35 |
| 2. | Yuasuo Yuasa's psychological philosophy | 42 |
| 3. | Kurokawa and the philosophy of symbiosism | 45 |
| 3. | Japanese culture and its relation to Ando's architectural sensibility | 46 |
| a. | Samurai | 51 |
| b. | Swordsmanship | 51 |
| c. | Satory | 52 |
| d. | Haiku | 55 |
| e. | Rikyu and The Art of Tea | 56 |
| f. | Love of nature | 58 |
| 4. | Japanese characteristics and their relations to main themes of Ando | 60 |
| a. | Experience | 60 |
| b. | Exotic | 61 |
| c. | Exlectic | 62 |
| d. | Harmony | 62 |
| e. | Aesthetic | 63 |
| f. | Cultivation | 65 |
| 1. | Self-trained attitude | 66 |
| 2. | The philosophy of the body | 68 |
| 5. | Most important issues | 69 |
| Chapter IV. | The interpretation of Ando's architecture and his main themes | 71 |
| Section 1 | Tadao Ando's positions, theoretical concepts, philosophy, approaches | 71 |
| a. | Ando and the discourse | 71 |
| b. | Theoretical concepts | 78 |
| 1. | Geometrical standard and poetical essences | 78 |
| 2. | Concepts of nature | 82 |
| 3. | Concepts of place (body and space) | 83 |
| c. | Ando's Philosophy and traditional inheritance | 85 |
| 1. | Philosophical grounds: East--West encounter | 85 |
| 2. | Philosophical applications | 89 |
| 3. | Heir to tradition | 95 |
| d. | Ando's approaches | 103 |
| 1. | Defining intentions of architecture | 103 |
| 2. | Creating symbolic spaces and formal spatiality | 104 |
| 3. | The betweeness, Middle-way, and non dualistic approach | 102 |
| 4. | The infinity with oppositional dialogues (Shintai relations) | 103 |
| 5. | Negation and abstraction | 104 |
| e. | Summary | 108 |
| Section 2 | Themes | 111 |
| a. | Nature | 113 |
| 1. | Element of nature | 116 |
| a. | Tangible nature--Preserving nature's generations | 116 |
| b. | Place and culture | 116 |
| c. | The negation of greenery | 118 |
| d. | Water: symbolic and experiential meanings | 118 |
| e. | Sky: symbolic and experiential meanings | 119 |
| f. | Landscape: Fukei--wind and sunlight | 119 |
| g. | Intangible nature | 121 |
| h. | Light and shadow | 122 |
| 2. | Measures applied to create an architecture of nature | 123 |
| a. | Nature and everyday life, border and enclosed nature | 123 |
| b. | The modulation of light and shadow | 126 |
| 3. | Summary | 127 |
| b. | Shintai | 130 |
| 1. | Shintai relation as the union of spirit and body | 130 |
| 2. | Shintai and the process of design | 134 |
| c. | Geometry | 137 |
| 1. | Spatial organizational rules. The relation space-form | 137 |
| 2. | The wall as a primordial material and spatial entity | 144 |
| 3. | Spatial meanings of the walls | 145 |
| a. | The wall of acceptance and negation | 145 |
| b. | The mirror walls | 146 |
| c. | Directional walls | 146 |
| 4. | Texture and translucence | 147 |
| 5. | Labyrinths | 147 |
| 6. | Intermediate space as the socialized space | 148 |
| 7. | Original form | 148 |
| 8. | Tension | 149 |
| 9. | The mysterious space | 150 |
| 10. | Pure geometrical and complex space | 152 |
| 11. | Ma | 153 |
| 12. | Wabi | 154 |
| 13. | Oku | 155 |
| Chapter V. | Conclusion | 161 |
| 1. | Visions | 161 |
| a. | What does architecture need to answer? | 161 |
| b. | End of Architecture | 162 |
| c. | Architecture and human spirit | 163 |
| d. | Preserving human needs | 164 |
| e. | Middle-way approach | 164 |
| 2. | Grounds | 166 |
| a. | The Japanese origins, and religions | 166 |
| b. | Buddhist philosophy--logic and language | 167 |
| 3. | Themes | 170 |
| a. | Nature | 170 |
| b. | Shintai | 172 |
| c. | Geometry | 173 |
| 4. | The lesson of Tadao Ando's architecture | 175 |
| Bibliography | 178 |