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ZIN Product Number: 10430886
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| | | |  | | | Product Details
 Format: Textbook Hardcover, 1st ed., 1070 pages
Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
ISBN: 1558601902
Release Date: Jan 5, 2001
| |  | | | Annotation
A comprehensive presentation of the key concepts and techniques of transaction processing. The authors provide a description of the transaction concepts and how it fits in a distributed computing environment, as well as a thorough discussion of the complex issues related to transaction recovery. The book will be invaluable to anyone interested in using or implementing distributed systems or client server systems.
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| | | |  | | | Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques
by Jim Gray and Andreas Reuter FOREWORD BY BRUCE LINDSAY
PREFACE
PART ONE - The Basics of Transaction Processing
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Historical Perspective
1.2 What Is a Transaction Processing System? 1.2.1 The End User's View of a Transaction Processing System
1.2.2 The Administrator/Operator's View of a TP System
1.2.3 Application Designer's View of a TP System
1.2.4 The Resource Manager's View of a TP System
1.2.5 TP System Core Services 1.3 A Transaction Processing System Feature List 1.3.1 Application Development Features
1.3.2 Repository Features
1.3.3 TP Monitor Features
1.3.4 Data Communications Features
1.3.5 Database Features
1.3.6. Operations Features
1.3.7 Education and Testing Features
1.3.8 Features Summary 1.4 Summary
1.5 Historical Notes
Exercises
Answers
2 BASIC COMPUTER SCIENCE TERMINOLOGY 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Hardware 2.2.1 Memories
2.2.2 Processors
2.2.3 Communications Hardware
2.2.4 Hardware Architectures 2.3 Basic Software - Address Spaces, Processes, Sessions 2.3.1 Address Spaces
2.3.2 Processes, Protection Domains, and Threads
2.3.3 Messages and Sessions 2.4 Generic System Issues 2.4.1 Clients and Servers
2.4.2 Naming
2.4.3 Authentication
2.4.4 Authorization
2.4.5 Scheduling and Performance
2.4.6 Summary 2.5 Files 2.5.1 File Operations
2.5.2 File Organizations
2.5.3 Distributed Files
2.5.4 SQL 2.6 Software Performance
2.7 Transaction Processing Standards 2.7.1 Portability versus Interoperability Standards
2.7.2 APIs and FAPs
2.7.3 LU6.2, a de facto Standard
2.7.4 OSI-TP with X/Open DTP, a de jure Standard 2.8 Summary
Exercises
Answers
PART TWO - The Basics of Fault Tolerance
3 FAULT TOLERANCE 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 A Crash Course in Simple Probability
3.1.2 An External View of Fault Tolerance 3.2 Definitions 3.2.1. Fault, Failure, Availability, Reliability
3.2.2 Taxonomy of Fault Avoidance and Fault Tolerance
3.2.3 Repair, Failfast, Modularity, Recursive Design 3.3 Empirical Studies 3.3.1 Outages Are Rare Events
3.3.2 Studies of Conventional Systems
3.3.3 A Study of Fault-Tolerant System 3.4 Typical Module Failure Rates
3.5 Hardware Approaches to Fault Tolerance 3.5.1 The Basic N-Plex Idea: How to Build Failfast Modules
3.5.2 Failfast versus Failvote Voters in an N-Plex
3.5.3 N-Plex plus Repair Results in High Availability
3.5.4 The Voter's Problem
3.5.5 Summary 3.6 Software Is the Problem 3.6.1 N-Version Programming and Software Fault Tolerance
3.6.2 Transactions and Software Fault Tolerance
3.6.3 Summary 3.7 Fault Modeal and Software Fault Masking 3.7.1 An Overview of the Model
3.7.2 Building Highly Available Storage
3.7.3 Highly Available Processes
3.7.4 Reliable Messages via Sessions and Process Pairs
3.7.5 Summary of the Process-Message-Storage Model 3.8 General Principles
3.9 A Cautionary Tale - System Delusion
3.10 Summary
3.11 Historical Notes
Exercises
Answers
PART THREE - Transaction-Oriented Computing
4 TRANSACTION MODELS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Atomic Actions and Flat Transaction 4.2.1 Disk Writes as Atomic Actions
4.2.2 A Classification of Action Types
4.2.3 Flat Transactions
4.2.4 Limitations of Flat Transactions 4.3 Spheres of Control 4.3.1 Definition of Spheres of Control
4.3.2 Dynamic Behavior of Spheres of Control
4.3.3 Summary 4.4 A Notation for Explaining Transaction Models 4.4.1 What is Required to Describe Transaction Models?
4.4.2 Elements of the Notation
4.4.3 Defining Transaction Models by a Set of Simple Rules 4.5 Flat Transactions with Savepoints 4.5.1 About Savepoints
4.5.2 Developing the Rules for the Savepoint Model
4.5.3 Persistent Savepoints 4.6 Chained Transactions
4.7 Nested Transactions 4.7.1 Definition of the Nexting Structure
4.7.2 Using Nested Transactions
4.7.3 Emulating Nested Transactions by Savepoints 4.8 Distributed Transactions
4.9 Multi-Level Transactions 4.9.1 The Role of a Compensating Transaction
4.9.2 The Use of Multi-Level Transactions 4.10 Open Nested Transactions
4.11 Long-Lived transactions 4.11.1 Transaction Processing Context
4.11.2 The Mini-Batch
4.11.3 Sagas 4.12 Exotics
4.13 Summary
4.14 Historical Notes
Exercises
Answers
5 TRANSACTION PROCESSING MONITORS - An Overview 5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Role of TP Monitors in Transaction Systems 5.2.1 The Transaction -Oriented Computing Style
5.2.2 The Transaction Processing Services
5.2.3 TP System Process Structure
5.2.4 Summary 5.3 The Structure of a TP Monitor 5.3.1 The TP Monitor Components
5.3.2 Components of the Transaction Services
5.3.3 TP Monitor Support for the Resource Manager Interfaces 5.4 Transactional Remote Procedure Calls: The Basic Idea 5.4.1 Who Participates in Remote Procedure Calls?
5.4.2 Address Space Structure Required for RPC Handling
5.4.3 The Dynamics of Remote Procedure Calls
5.4.4 Summary 5.5 Examples of the Transaction-Oriented Programming Style 5.5.1 The Basic Processing Loop
5.5.2 Attaching Resource Managers to Transactions: The Simple Cases
5.5.3 Attaching Resource Managers To Transactions: The Sophisticated Case
5.5.4 Using Persistent Savepoints 5.6 Terminological Wrap-Up
5.7 Historical Notes
Exercises
Answers
6 TRANSACTION PROCESSING MONITORS 6.1 Introduction
6.2 Transactional Remote Procedures Calls 6.2.1 The Resource Manager Interface
6.2.2 What the Resource Manager Has to Do in Support of Transactions
6.2.3 Interfaces between resource Managers and the TP Monitor
6.2.4 Resource Manager Calls versus Resource Manager Sessions
6.2.5 Summary 6.3. Functional Principles of the TP Monitor 6.3.1 The Central Data Structures of the TPOS
6.3.2 Data Structures Owned by the TP Monitor
6.3.3. A Guided Tour Along the TRPC Path
6.3.4 Aborts Racing TRPCs
6.3.5 Summary 6.4 Managing Request and Response Queues 6.4.1 Short-Term Queues for Mapping Resource Manager Invocations
6.4.2 Durable Request Queues for Asynchronous Transaction Processing
6.4.3 Summary 6.5 Other Tasks of the TP Monitor 6.5.1 Load Balancing
6.5.2 Authentication and Authorization
6.5.3 Restart Processing 6.6 Summary
6.7 Historical Notes
Exercises
Answers
PART FOUR - Concurrency Control
7 ISOLATION CONCEPTS 7.1 Overview
7.2 Introduction to Isolation
7.3 The Dependency Model of Isolation 7.3.1 Static versus Dynamic Allocation
7.3.2 Transaction Dependencies
7.3.3 The Three Bad Dependencies
7.3.4 The Case for a Formal Model of Isolation 7.4 Isolation: The Application Programmer's View
7.5 Isolation Theorems 7.5.1 Actions and Transactions
7.5.2 Well-Formed and Two-Phased Transactions
7.5.3 Transaction Histories
7.5.4 Legal Histories and Lock Compatibility
7.5.5 Versions, Dependencies, and the Dependency Graph
7.5.6 Equivalent and Isolated Histories: BEFORE, AFTER, and Wormholes
7.5.7 Wormholes Are Not Isolated
7.5.8 Summary of Definitions
7.5.9 Summary of the Isolation Theorems 7.6 Degrees of Isolation 7.6.1 Degrees of Isolation Theorem
7.6.2 SQL and Degrees of Isolation
7.6.3 Pros and Cons of Low Degrees of Isolation
7.6.4 Exotic SQL Isolation - Read-Past and Notify Locks 7.7 Phantoms and Predicate Locks 7.7.1 The Problem with Predicate Locks 7.8 Granular Locks 7.8.1 Three Locking and Intent Lock Modes
7.8.2 Update Mode Locks
7.8.3 Granular Locking Summary
7.8.4 Key-Range Locking
7.8.5 Dynamic Key-Range Locks: Previous-Key and Next-Key Locking
7.8.6 Key-Range Locks Need DAG Locking
7.8.7 The DAG Locking Protocol
7.8.8 Formal Definition of Granular Locks on a DAG 7.9 Locking Heuristics
7.10 Nested Transaction Locking
7.11 Scheduling and Deadlock 7.11.1 The Convoy Phenomenon
7.11.2 Deadlock Avoidance versus Toleration
7.11.3 The Wait-for Graph and Deadlock Detector
7.11.4 Distributed Deadlock
7.11.5 Probability of Deadlock 7.12 Exotics 7.12.1 Field Calls
7.12.2 Escrow Locking and Other Field Call Refinements
7.12.3 Optimistic and Timestamp Locking
7.12.4 Time Domain Addressing 7.13 Summary
7.14 Historical Notes
Exercises
Answers
8 LOCK IMPLEMENTATION 8.1 About This Chapter 8.1.2 The Need for Parallelism within the Lock Manager
8.1.3 The Resource Manager and Lock Manager Address Space 8.2 Atomic Machine Instructions
8.3 Semaphores 8.3.1 Exclusive Semaphores
8.3.2 Crabbing: Traversing Shared Data Structures
8.3.3 Shared Semaphores
8.3.4 Allocating Shared Storage
8.3.5 Semaphores and Exceptions 8.4 Lock Manager 8.4.1 Lock Names
8.4.2 Lock Queues and Scheduling
8.4.3 Lock Duration and Lock Counts
8.4.4 Lock Manager Interface and Data Structures
8.4.5 Lock Manager Intern
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| | | | | | Keywords
Transaction systems (Computer, Distributed Computer Systems, Computer Bks - Data Base Management, Computers, Database Management - General, Data Processing - General, Transaction systems (Computer systems), Transaction systems (Computer systems)
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