| Acknowledgments | |
| Foreword | |
| Ch. 1 | One of the Hottest Stories in the History of Math | |
| Archimedes Thinking in the Bathtub | 1 |
| Pierre de Fermat Writing in the Margin | 2 |
| Andrew Wiles Lecturing at Cambridge University | 3 |
| The Five-Point Test | 5 |
| Dr. Wiles's Experience | 8 |
| Another Point to Ponder | 11 |
| Euclidean Versus the New Non-Euclidean Geometries | 13 |
| Doubling Cubes, Trisecting Angles, and Squaring Circles | 17 |
| Ch. 2 | Pierre de Fermat and the Last Theorem | |
| Pierre de Fermat | 20 |
| Fermat's Last Theorem | 21 |
| Learned Attempts at Proof | 22 |
| Unlearned Attempts at Proof | 25 |
| Who Is a Crank? | 26 |
| Wiles's Proof in Not-Very-Plain English | 30 |
| Unanswered Questions | 31 |
| Ch. 3 | Proofs and Puzzles to Ponder | |
| What's a Theorem? | 32 |
| What's a Proof? | 34 |
| Faulty "Proofs" | 36 |
| Impractical Proofs | 38 |
| Branching Proofs | 39 |
| Philosophical Proofs | 42 |
| What Is Mathematical Truth? | 44 |
| Ch. 4 | Mathematical Mysteries, Solved and Unsolved | |
| The Parallel Postulate | 46 |
| Aristotle's Wheel | 48 |
| Zeno's Achilles | 50 |
| Zeno's Arrow | 52 |
| Zeno's Stadium | 53 |
| Kepler's Spheres | 55 |
| Goldbach's Conjecture | 55 |
| The Twin Prime Conjecture | 55 |
| Another Prime Conjecture | 56 |
| Ch. 5 | What Comes Next | |
| Why It All Matters | 57 |
| Why Wiles's Proof Isn't as Satisfying as It Could Be | 60 |
| A Possible Fatal Flaw | 62 |
| A Matter of Credit | 62 |
| Why This Proof Wasn't Fermat's Proof | 63 |
| To All the Unknown Genius in the World | 64 |
| The Search for Other Proofs | 67 |
| Fermat's Other Unproved Theorem | 68 |
| Appendix: Karl Rubin's Highlights of Andrew Wiles's Proof | 73 |
| For Further Reading | 77 |
| About the Author | 79 |