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 | | | "Every child is musical. Unfortunately this natural gift is squelched before it has time to develop. From my all life experience I remember being laughed at because my voice and the words I sang didn't please someone. My second grade teacher, Miss Stone would not let me sing with the rest of the class because she judged my voice as not musical and she said I threw the class off key. I believed her which led to the blockage of my appreciation of music and blocked my ability to write poetry. Fortunately at the age of 57 I had a significant emotional event which unblocked my ability to composed poetry which many people believe have lyrical qualities."
- Sidney Madwed | | | |
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| | Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery
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| | by Bernard Lewis |
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 | | | |  | | | Product Details
Format: Paperback, 1st ed., 126 pages
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195102835
| |  | | | In Brief The volume contains three lectures delivered in 1993 at the Universityof Wisconsin. "The first chapter explores the connections between Christianity and Islam. . . . The second discusses treatment of the Jews and others by Christians, and describes the positive response of the Muslim world. . . . The final lecture discusses the Western treatment of the 'discovered' lands and peoples." (SLJ) Index.
| | | | From The Publisher With elegance and erudition, Lewis explores that climactic year of 1492 as a clash of civilizations - a clash not only of the New World and the Old but also of Christendom, Islam, and the Jews. In the same year that Columbus set sail across the Atlantic, he reminds us, the Spanish monarchs captured Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the peninsula, and also expelled the Jews. Lewis uses these three epochal events to explore the nature of the expansion of Europe, placing the voyages of discovery in a striking new context. He traces Christian Europe's path from primitive backwater on the edges of the vast cosmopolitan Caliphate, through the heightening rivalry of Christianity and Islam, to the triumph of the West, examining the factors behind their changing fortunes. That contest long remained more important in many Christians minds than the New World: as late as 1683, Vienna almost fell to the Ottoman armies. Lewis also reflects on changing qualities in European and Islamic cultures and the place of the Jews in both. The Jews who fled Spain found a receptive environment in Turkey; but the balance of tolerance and openness to innovation steadily shifted west. The voyages of discovery were themselves a part of the Christian-Muslim conflict, he writes, an attempt to outflank the Islamic world. The European explorers sailed into a world they scarcely understood; and yet they imposed their own perceptions of geography on the lands they conquered. Africa, Asia, the Middle and Far East, the Old and New Worlds - as intellectual concepts, all are European creations, Lewis observes; ironically, these same definitions have been accepted by even the most anti-Western activists.
| | | | Annotation Our leading historian of Islam takes a revealing look at the Muslim-Christian conflict in the age of discovery. Bernard Lewis's balanced, insightful account of this pivotal era transcends the recent polemics about 1492, providing readers with a striking portrait of an age often obscured by the anger and complacency of today.
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| | | | | | Keywords History: World, Sociology, History, Europe - General, Middle East, History, Europe, Jews, Islamic Empire, 1258-1517, 70-1789, 15th century, Territorial expansion, 1492-1517
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