| Preface | |
| Plato | 3 |
| Euthyphro | 7 |
| Apology | 20 |
| Crito | 38 |
| Phaedo (72c-82e; 112e-end) | 47 |
| Meno | 60 |
| Republic (Book III, 412b-417b; Book IV, 427c-448e; Book V, complete: 448e-480a; Books VI-VII, 502c-521b) | 85 |
| Parmenides (127-135) | 147 |
| Aristotle | 154 |
| Categories (Chapters 1-5) | 157 |
| Physics (Book II, complete) | 162 |
| Metaphysics (Book I, 1-4, 6, 9, Book XII, 6-9) | 173 |
| On the Soul (Book II, 1-3; Book III, 4-5) | 189 |
| Nichomachean Ethics (Books I-II; Book III, 1-5; Books VI-VII; Book X, 6-8) | 195 |
| Epicurus | 270 |
| Letter to Menoeceus | 272 |
| Principal Doctrines | 276 |
| Epictetus | 279 |
| Encheiridion (Manual) | 280 |
| Plotinus | 293 |
| Enneads (Ennead I, Tractate 6) | 294 |
| Augustine | 305 |
| Confessions (Book XI) | 308 |
| City of God (Book XII, 1-9; Book XIX, 11-17) | 322 |
| Boethius | 341 |
| The Consolation of Philosophy (Book V, 6) | 343 |
| John Scotus Eriugena | 347 |
| The Division of Nature (Periphyseon) (Book I, 1-7, 14) | 349 |
| Anselm (and Gaunilo) | 353 |
| Proslogion (Chapters 2-4) | 355 |
| Gaunilo and Anselm: Debate | 356 |
| Moses Maimonides | 362 |
| The Guide for the Perplexed (Part II) | 364 |
| Thomas Aquinas | 368 |
| Summa Theologica (Part I, Questions 1-2) | 372 |
| The Principles of Nature | 388 |
| John Duns Scotus | 402 |
| A Treatise on God as First Principle (Chapter 3) | 403 |
| William of Ockham | 409 |
| Summa Logicae (Part I, 14-16) | 411 |
| Nicholas Cusanas | 417 |
| On Learned Ignorance (Chapters 1-4, 26) | 418 |
| Rene Descartes | 427 |
| Meditations on the First Philosophy | 431 |
| Thomas Hobbes | 471 |
| Leviathan (selections from Chapters 1-3, 6, 9, 12-15, 17-18, 21) | 474 |
| Baruch Spinoza | 513 |
| Ethics (Sections 1-2) | 515 |
| John Locke | 567 |
| An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (in part) | 569 |
| Gottfried Leibniz | 633 |
| Discourse on Metaphysics | 636 |
| Theodicy | 663 |
| The Monadology | 670 |
| George Berkeley | 679 |
| Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous | 682 |
| David Hume | 740 |
| An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | 743 |
| Immanuel Kant | 821 |
| Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics | 824 |
| Foundation for the Metaphysics of Morals | 896 |
| G. W. F. Hegel | 943 |
| Phenomenology of Spirit (B, IV, A) | 946 |
| Who Thinks Abstractly? | 952 |
| Reason in History (Chapters 1-3) | 955 |
| John Stuart Mill | 986 |
| Utilitarianism | 989 |
| On Liberty (Chapter 3) | 1027 |
| Soren Kierkegaard | 1039 |
| Fear and Trembling (Problema I) | 1043 |
| Concluding Unscientific Postscript (selections from Section I, Chapter 2; Section II, Chapter 2) | 1051 |
| Karl Marx | 1070 |
| Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (in part) | 1074 |
| Manifesto of the Communist Party (with Friedrich Engels) (Chapters 1, 2, 4) | 1093 |
| A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (Preface) | 1104 |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | 1105 |
| The Birth of Tragedy (Chapters 1-3, 15, 25) | 1109 |
| On the Genealogy of Morality (first essay) | 1119 |
| Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Part I, 1-3) | 1136 |
| Twilight of the Idols (in part) | 1138 |
| The Anti-Christ (First Book, 1-7, 62) | 1143 |