* Please Note: This information is based partly on Traditional Medicine which uses natural materials to support health. This information has not been evaluated or approved by the FDA. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are intended to support general well being and are not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure any condition or disease. If conditions persist, please seek advice from your medical doctor.
Description
Sweet Clover Melitotus officinalis (L.) Medikus.
Family: Fabaceae.
Other Names: Mélilot officinal (French); Echter Steinklee (German); meliloto, trifoglio cavallino (Italian).
Description: An erect herb with trifoliolate dentate leaves, small yellow flowers in dense oblong clusters and small, almost spherical, indehiscent pods. M. alba, M. altissima and M. indica have also been used.
Origin: Widely distributed in Europe, Asia and North Africa; now a roadside weed in many parts of the world.
Parts Used: Fresh or dried leaves and flowering branches of M. officinalis or M. ahissima (Meliloti herba).
Therapeutic Category: Anti-oedemic, venotonic.
Uses and Properties: Extracts are used to treat the symptoms of venous and lymphatic insufficiency and capillary fragility, such as varicose veins, pruritus, cramp in the calf and in acute attacks of haemorrhoids. Preparations are available for topical and oral treatment of minor sleep disturbances and minor gastrointestinal disorders.
Preparation and Dosage: For internal use, the dosage corresponds to 3 - 30 mg of coumarin (1-7.5 mg for parenteral use). For external application, an effective dose of the herb should be guaranteed.
Active Ingredients: The main (up to 1%) active ingredient is coumarin, formed enzymatically from melilotoside (2'-hydroxycinnamic acid glucoside) upon drying or tissue breakdown. Also present are melilotin (3,4-dihydrocoumarin), various phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid), monoterpenes, triterpene saponins (soya-sapogenol) and flavonoids. Fungal infection of the plant may lead to the formation of phytoalexins. The well-known anticoagulant (anti-clotting factor) dicoumarol derives from hydroxycirmamic acid upon inadequate drying (not present in fresh or carefully dried herb).
Pharmacological Effects: Coumarin shows anti-oedemic and anti-exudative activities and accelerates wound-healing. It increases the flow rate in veins (and the lymph system) and decreases capillary permeability but has no anticoagulant properties. Coumarin can induce tumours in rats when given at high doses over prolonged periods.
Notes: Synthetic coumarin-type anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin, phenprocoumon in Marcoumarru) were developed with dicoumaroyl as a model.
Status: Traditional medicine; Pharm; Comm. E+; ESCOP 4.
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Directions
Take 1 capsule, 3 times daily, with meals.
Cautions
It is risky to take the herb while using anticoagulants.
Additional Information
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These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Products are intended to support general well being and are not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure any condition or disease.
