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Asthma | | Description | Asthma is a disorder of breathing characterized by widespread narrowing of
airways within the lung. The main symptom is shortness of breath. A major
feature of asthma is the reversibility of the airway narrowing and,
consequently, the breathlessness. This variability in the obstruction may
occur spontaneously or in response to treatment.
Cause
There is a strong familial association of asthma and a great deal
of interest in the genetic basis of the condition. Several genes
may be associated with the condition of atopy in which subjects
have a predisposition to form antibodies of the IgE class against
allergens they encounter, especially inhaled allergens. This leads
to allergic rhinitis (often manifest as hayfever), to asthma and
eczema.
The allergic response in the lining of the airway
leads to an inflammatory reaction. Many cells are involved in this
inflammatory process, including Lymphocytes, eosinophils,
neutrophils and mast cells. The cells are attracted and
controlled by a complex system of inflammatory mediators. The inflamed
airway wall produced in this process is then sensitive to further allergic
stimuli or to nonspecific challenges such as dust, smoke or drying from
the increased respiration during exercise. Recognition of this
inflammation has concentrated attention on anti-inflammatory aspects of
treatment. Continued inflammation with poor control of asthma can
result in permanent damage to the airway wall such that reversibility is
reduced and airway narrowing becomes permanent. Appropriate
anti-inflammatory therapy may help to prevent this damage.
Many allergens can be important triggers of asthma. House-dust
mite, grass pollen and animal dander are the commonest problems.
Occupational factors such as grain dusts, hard-metals fumes and chemicals
in the plastic and paint industry are important in some adults. Viral
infections are another common trigger.
The prevalence of asthma
appears to be on the increase in most countries. Several factors have been
linked to this increase. Most important may be the vulnerability of the
immature immune system in infants. High exposure to allergens such
as house-dust mite early in life may prime the immune system while reduced
exposure to common viral infections may delay the maturation of the immune
system. In addition, maternal smoking in pregnancy and infancy increases
the risk.
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May We Recommend... A Selection of Products that may be useful for Asthma.
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